Indonesien

INDONESIEN: Ländername: Republik Indonesien/Republik Indonesia - Klima: tropisch, feucht-heiß - Lage: Südostasien, größter Archipel der Welt - Größe: Landfläche 2,02 Mio. km2, größte Ausdehnung Nord-Süd 1.870 km, West-Ost 5.100 km, Gesamtlänge der Küsten 81.350 km - Hauptstadt: Jakarta (ca. 12 Mio. Einwohner, Großraum Jabotabek ca. 23 Mio. Einwohner) - Bevölkerung: mit ca. 210 Mio. viertvolkreichstes Land der Welt, Bevölkerungswachstum 1,6 %, über 30 größere ethnische Gruppen - Landessprache: Indonesisch (Bahasa Indonesia) - Religionen: 5 anerkannte Religionen: Islam (88% Moslems), Evangelische und Katholische Kirche (etwa 8% Christen), Buddhismus (Buddhisten und Taoisten 1%), Hinduismus (2%, auf Bali und in Ostjava) - Nationaltag: 17. August (Ausrufung der Unabhängigkeit 1945)

 

 

Indonesien auf einen Blick


KUDUS: The town of Kudus, was founded by one of the Walisongo, Sunan Kudus. It orginates from the Arabic "Al Kudus" meaning "the Holy". It is located 55 km from Semarang.
The Al Aqsa Mosque in center of the old town with its specific minaret combines the designs of Javanese Hindu and Islam.
The biggest event here is on the 10th of Muharram of the Islamic calendar, Buka Luwur, to change the curtains around the tomb. Thousands of pilgrims come to Kudus to watch this event.
THE TOWN OF KRETEK CIGARETTES: This town is the birthplace of Kretek (clove) cigarettes. A Museum dedicated to the Kretek Industry stands in the village of Getas Pejatan.
The short biography of NITISEMITO, the father of Kretek hangs on the hall. It is interesting, he was one of the richest men in the country. He promoted his Kretek with big effort. In 1920 he hired planes to spread his leaflets! Some strong Kretek factories now are : Djarum, Sukun, Djambu Bol, Nojorono etc.
INDUSTRY: This town also exports garments. The garment factories use modern machinery. A Modern Printing and Packaging Company in Kudus from the Pusaka Raya group is growing prosperously.

Die Stadt Kudus in Mittel Java




SEMARANG: Semarang is the capital city and main port of Central Java Province. It is also a centre for the regional government, industries, trade, education and tourism. Semarang, with an area of 373.73 square kilometers, is the largest city in Central Java and the fifth largest in the country.
Semarang has a tropical climate with two seasons, wet and dry. Wet season is from November to April and dry season from May to October. The temperature ranges from 28°C to 34,3°C.
The city, divided into the old and new sections, is just inland from the port and on the banks of the Baru River. Candi Baru, a picturesque residential suburb, lies 150 m above sea level.
Despite being one of the largest ports in Java, Semarang's harbour is unprotected against the northwest monsoon, which can cause suspension of port operations since vessels must anchor 5 km out and unload by lighter. Industries include fishing and the manufacture of glass, shoes, electrical equipment, textiles, and small boats. Rubber, coffee, shrimp, teak, copra, tobacco, cacao, and cassava are exported. The city has rail connections to all major cities on Java, and there is an airport. Pop. (1990) city, 1.005.316.


Die Stadt Semarang in Mittel Java



Central Java Province (Jawa Tengah): This province is bounded by Jawa Barat (West Java) province on the west, the Java Sea on the north, Jawa Timur (East Java) province on the east, the Indian Ocean on the south, and Yogyakarta daerah istimewa (special district) on the southeast. Jawa Tengah covers an area of 34,206 square km and includes the Karimunjawa Islands in the Java Sea.
A chain of volcanic mountains runs west to east through the central part of the province and is surmounted by volcanic peaks including Mount Slamat (3,428 m), Sundoro, Sumbing and Merbabu. A discontinuous series of plateaus flanks the widely spaced volcanic peaks and merges with the foothills and coastal lowlands (the latter as much as 30 km wide) to the north and south. The major streams include the Bodri, Serang, and Luri, flowing northward into the Java Sea, and the Seraju, Bogowonto, Elo, and Progo, flowing southward into the Indian Ocean.
The hilly region has a luxuriant growth of casuarina, teak, pine, oak, maple, and ironwood. The broad valleys are covered with tropical rain forests of palm, sal (Shorea), and pandanus, together with orchids, mosses, and ferns.
The principal means of livelihood in Jawa Tengah is agriculture; rice, tobacco, sugarcane, corn (maize), rubber, tea, coffee, cinchona bark, sweet potatoes, and fruits and vegetables are grown or collected. Industries produce textiles, ceramics, footwear, tires, electric bulbs, processed food, beverages, nonmetallic mineral products, transport equipment, and paper. There are also printing, shipbuilding, and car-assembly plants.
Roads and railways run parallel to the northern and southern seacoasts and connect Semarang, the provincial capital, with Tegal, Pekalongan, Magelang, Cilacap, and Surakarta.
Muslim Javanese and Sundanese are the principal ethnic groups, and there also are many Indians and Chinese.
Archaeological and historical remains, including temples, stupas, monasteries, and sanctuaries of the early Buddhist and Hindu periods, are located at Kalasan, Dieng, Borabudur, Sewu, Sukuh, Sari, Plaosan, Pawon, and Mendut.